Study Links GLP-1 Diabetes and Obesity Drugs to Increased Risk of Aspiration Pneumonia Post-Endoscopy
March 28, 2024
A recent study highlighted in the journal Gastroenterology has unveiled potential concerns associated with GLP-1 diabetes and obesity treatments, such as Ozempic, particularly for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. These drugs, known for delaying stomach emptying, may increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia — an infection caused by inhaling food into the lungs — especially in patients who have fasted for surgery or endoscopy yet may still have food in their stomachs due to the medication’s effects.
Analyzing health records, researchers found that while the overall risk of aspiration pneumonia in GLP-1 drug users was low at 0.83%, it was 33% higher compared to those not on the medication. The risk escalated to 48% for patients undergoing upper endoscopies and more than doubled for those having combined upper endoscopies and colonoscopies. Notably, the risk did not increase for colonoscopy-only procedures. Patients sedated with propofol who were on GLP-1 treatments faced a 49% higher risk of aspiration pneumonia.
The data, drawn from 2018 to 2020, predates the approval of newer GLP-1 medications like Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound, signaling a need for further investigation into how these drugs might affect procedural risks. The study’s findings have sparked discussions among medical professionals on how best to manage patients on GLP-1 drugs before procedures, with existing guidelines offering conflicting advice.
Despite its observational nature and the inability to prove causation, the study sheds light on a potentially significant issue, given the high volume of endoscopic procedures performed annually in the U.S. Although aspiration pneumonia is often treatable, it poses additional risks for vulnerable populations, such as the immunocompromised or those with pre-existing lung conditions.
Experts emphasize that the study should mainly serve as a basis for further research rather than a call to halt GLP-1 drug use. The focus should be on heightened awareness and preventive measures when conducting procedures on patients taking these medications, ensuring the effectiveness of GLP-1 therapies and the safety of medical procedures.
To read more, click here.
[Source: STAT, March 28th, 2024]
